POLA MANAJEMEN KOPERASI Untuk mencapai tujuan koperasi di perlukan manajemen koperasi yang benar agar semua yang telah di rencanakan dapat berjalan dengan baik, untuk itu diperlukan Pola Manajemen Koperasi sebagai berikut: Perencanaan Perencanaan merupakan proses dasar dari manajemen. Dalam hal ini manajer memutuskan hal-hal yang harus dilakukan, tetapi sebelum itu dibutuhkan organisasi untuk perencanaan, baik organisasi kecil maupun besar. Perencanaan yang baik adalah perencanaan yang bersifat fleksibel, karena dalam berjalannya waktu situasi dan kondisipun dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu. Pengorganisasian Pengorganisasian merupakan suatu proses untuk merancang struktur,pengelompokan, dan mengatur serta membagi tugas bagi para anggota dalam bekerja. Posisi dalam bekerja dari para anggotanya pun harus sesuai dengan keahlian dari anggota organisasi, agar tujuan dapat di capai sesuai dengan yang telah direncanakan. Struktur Organisasi Sebagai pengelola koperasi, pengurus menghadapi berbagai masalah yang harus diselesaikan. Dan masalah yang paling sulit itu berasal dari dirinya sendiri yaitu berupa keterbatasan, seperti keterbatasan pengetahuan, kemampuan, bahkan mungkin daya tahan tubuh. Maka dibutuhkan struktur organisasi yang sesuai dengan kemampuan, bentuk usaha, volume usaha, maupun luas pemasaran produk. Karena semua bentuk organisasi memiliki kekuatan dan kelemahan. Pengarahan Pengaraha merupakan fungsi menejemen yang terpenting karena masing-masing orang dalam suatu organisasi memiliki kepentingannya masing-masing. Untuk itu pimpinan perusahaan harus dapat mengarahkan dengan baik agar tujuan perusahaan dapat tercapai. Pengawasan Pengawasan merupakan sistem untuk membuat segala kegiatan perusahaan dapat berjalan sesuai rencana. Proses ini dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap, yaitu: menetapkan standar membandingkan kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan mengukur penyimpanan-penyimpana yang terjadi, lalu mengambil tindakan evaluasi jika diperlukan.

POLA MANAJEMEN KOPERASI Untuk mencapai tujuan koperasi di perlukan manajemen koperasi yang benar agar semua yang telah di rencanakan dapat berjalan dengan baik, untuk itu diperlukan Pola Manajemen Koperasi sebagai berikut: *Perencanaan Perencanaan merupakan proses dasar dari manajemen. Dalam hal ini manajer memutuskan hal-hal yang harus dilakukan, tetapi sebelum itu dibutuhkan organisasi untuk perencanaan, baik organisasi kecil maupun besar. Perencanaan yang baik adalah perencanaan yang bersifat fleksibel, karena dalam berjalannya waktu situasi dan kondisipun dapat berubah sewaktu-waktu. Pengorganisasian Pengorganisasian merupakan suatu proses untuk merancang struktur,pengelompokan, dan mengatur serta membagi tugas bagi para anggota dalam bekerja. Posisi dalam bekerja dari para anggotanya pun harus sesuai dengan keahlian dari anggota organisasi, agar tujuan dapat di capai sesuai dengan yang telah direncanakan. Struktur Organisasi Sebagai pengelola koperasi, pengurus menghadapi berbagai masalah yang harus diselesaikan. Dan masalah yang paling sulit itu berasal dari dirinya sendiri yaitu berupa keterbatasan, seperti keterbatasan pengetahuan, kemampuan, bahkan mungkin daya tahan tubuh. Maka dibutuhkan struktur organisasi yang sesuai dengan kemampuan, bentuk usaha, volume usaha, maupun luas pemasaran produk. Karena semua bentuk organisasi memiliki kekuatan dan kelemahan. Pengarahan Pengaraha merupakan fungsi menejemen yang terpenting karena masing-masing orang dalam suatu organisasi memiliki kepentingannya masing-masing. Untuk itu pimpinan perusahaan harus dapat mengarahkan dengan baik agar tujuan perusahaan dapat tercapai. Pengawasan Pengawasan merupakan sistem untuk membuat segala kegiatan perusahaan dapat berjalan sesuai rencana. Proses ini dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap, yaitu: menetapkan standar membandingkan kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan mengukur penyimpanan-penyimpana yang terjadi, lalu mengambil tindakan evaluasi jika diperlukan.

1. Mention the Kinds of Pronoun !

Make sentences for each kind !

Pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun, e.g. he, she, it, they, his, her, him its etc.

There five types of pronoun

Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun describes a particular person or thing or group.personal pronoun describes the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken to (you), or the person or thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them). Examples :

He helps poor. The pronoun “he” in above sentence describes a person who helps poor.

(1). She is intelligent. (2) We love our country.  (3)The teacher appreciated them.

Possessive Pronoun

Possessive Pronoun indicates close possession or ownership or relationship of a thing/person to another thing/person. e.g. yours, mine, his,  hers, ours, theirs, hers.  Example : This book is mine. The pronoun “mine” describes the relationship between book and a person (me) who possesses this book or who is the owner of this book.

Examples :

(1) That car is hers. (2)Your book is old. Mine is new. (3)The pen on the table is mine.

Note: Possessive adjectives (my, her, your) may be confused with possessive pronouns. Possessive adjective modifies noun in terms of possession. Both possessive adjective and possessive show possession or ownership, but possessive adjective is used (with noun) to modify the noun while Possessive pronoun is used instead (in place of) a noun.

Examples

This is my book. (Possessive adjective: “my” modifies the noun “book”.

Reflixive Pronoun

Reflexive pronoun describes noun when subject’s action affects the subject itself. e.g himself, yourself, herself, ourselves, themselves, itself  are reflexive pronouns. Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they require an interaction between the subject and an object.

Examples.

(1) I looked at myself in the mirror. (2) You should think about yourself. (3)They prepared themselves for completion.

Note: Reflexive noun can also be used to give more emphasis on subject or object. If a reflexive pronoun is used to give more emphasis on a subject or an object, it is called “Intensive Pronoun”. Usage and function of intensive pronoun are different from that of reflexive pronoun.

Relative Pronoun

Relative Pronoun describes a noun which is mentioned before and more information is to be given about it Or Relative pronoun is a pronoun which joins relative clauses and relative sentences.

For example, It is the person, who helped her. In this sentence the word “who” is a relative pronoun which refers to the noun (the person) which is already mentioned in beginning of sentence (It is the person) and more information (he helped her) is given after using a relative pronoun (who) for the noun (the person).

Similarly, in above sentence the pronoun “who” joins two clauses which are “it is the person” and “who helped her”.

Examples. The most commonly used five relative pronouns are, who, whom, whose, which, that.

“Who” is for subject and “whom” is used for object. “who” and “whom” are used for people. “Whose” is used to show possession and can be used for both people and things. “Which” is used for things. “That” is used for people and things.

Examples.

(1). It is the girl who got first position in class. (2).  Adjective is a word that modifies noun. (3). The man whom I met yesterday is a nice person.

Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that points to a thing or things. e.g. this, that, these, those, none, neither, These pronouns point to thing or things in short distance/time or long distance/time. Short distance or time: This, these.  Long distance or time: That, those.

Demonstrative pronouns “this and that” are used for singular thing while “these or those” are used for plural things.

Examples

(1). This is black. (2). That is heavy. (3). Can you see these?

2. There are 3 types of question ! what are they ?

Give the exemples for these 3 types !

There are three basic question types:

Yes/No: the answer is “yes or no”

Question-word: the answer is “information”

Choice: the answer is “in the question”

Yes/No questions

Sometimes the only answer that we need is yes or no. Look at these examples:

auxiliary verb	subject	not	main verb		answer: yes or no
Do	you		want	dinner?	Yes, I do.
Can	you		drive?		No, I can’t.
Has	she	not	finished	her work?	Yes, she has.
Did	they		go	home?	No, they didn’t.

Question-word questions

Sometimes we want more than yes or no for an answer. When asking for information, we usually place a question-word at the beginning of the sentence. The question-word indicates the information that we want, for example: where (place), when (time), why (reason), who (person). Look at these examples:

question word	auxiliary verb	not	subject	main verb		answer: information
Where	do		you	live?		In Paris.
When	will		we	have	lunch?	At 1pm.
Why	has	n’t	Tara	done	it?	Because she can’t.
Who(m)	did		she	meet?		She met Ram.
Who*	has			run	out?	Ati has run out.
Who**				ran	out?	Ati ran out.

Choice questions

Sometimes we give our listener a choice. We ask them to choose between two possible answers. So their answer is (usually) already in the question. Look at these examples:

question word	auxiliary verb	not	subject	main verb		answer: information
Where	do		you	live?		In Paris.
When	will		we	have	lunch?	At 1pm.
Why	has	n’t	Tara	done	it?	Because she can’t.
Who(m)	did		she	meet?		She met Ram.
Who*	has			run	out?	Ati has run out.
Who**				ran	out?	Ati ran out.

1. Mention the Kinds of Pronoun !

Make sentences for each kind !

Pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun, e.g. he, she, it, they, his, her, him its etc.

There five types of pronoun

Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun describes a particular person or thing or group.personal pronoun describes the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken to (you), or the person or thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them). Examples :

He helps poor. The pronoun “he” in above sentence describes a person who helps poor.

(1). She is intelligent. (2) We love our country.  (3)The teacher appreciated them.

Possessive Pronoun

Possessive Pronoun indicates close possession or ownership or relationship of a thing/person to another thing/person. e.g. yours, mine, his,  hers, ours, theirs, hers.  Example : This book is mine. The pronoun “mine” describes the relationship between book and a person (me) who possesses this book or who is the owner of this book.

Examples :

(1) That car is hers. (2)Your book is old. Mine is new. (3)The pen on the table is mine.

Note: Possessive adjectives (my, her, your) may be confused with possessive pronouns. Possessive adjective modifies noun in terms of possession. Both possessive adjective and possessive show possession or ownership, but possessive adjective is used (with noun) to modify the noun while Possessive pronoun is used instead (in place of) a noun.

Examples

This is my book. (Possessive adjective: “my” modifies the noun “book”.

Reflixive Pronoun

Reflexive pronoun describes noun when subject’s action affects the subject itself. e.g himself, yourself, herself, ourselves, themselves, itself  are reflexive pronouns. Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they require an interaction between the subject and an object.

Examples.

(1) I looked at myself in the mirror. (2) You should think about yourself. (3)They prepared themselves for completion.

Note: Reflexive noun can also be used to give more emphasis on subject or object. If a reflexive pronoun is used to give more emphasis on a subject or an object, it is called “Intensive Pronoun”. Usage and function of intensive pronoun are different from that of reflexive pronoun.

Relative Pronoun

Relative Pronoun describes a noun which is mentioned before and more information is to be given about it Or Relative pronoun is a pronoun which joins relative clauses and relative sentences.

For example, It is the person, who helped her. In this sentence the word “who” is a relative pronoun which refers to the noun (the person) which is already mentioned in beginning of sentence (It is the person) and more information (he helped her) is given after using a relative pronoun (who) for the noun (the person).

Similarly, in above sentence the pronoun “who” joins two clauses which are “it is the person” and “who helped her”.

Examples. The most commonly used five relative pronouns are, who, whom, whose, which, that.

“Who” is for subject and “whom” is used for object. “who” and “whom” are used for people. “Whose” is used to show possession and can be used for both people and things. “Which” is used for things. “That” is used for people and things.

Examples.

(1). It is the girl who got first position in class. (2).  Adjective is a word that modifies noun. (3). The man whom I met yesterday is a nice person.

Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that points to a thing or things. e.g. this, that, these, those, none, neither, These pronouns point to thing or things in short distance/time or long distance/time. Short distance or time: This, these.  Long distance or time: That, those.

Demonstrative pronouns “this and that” are used for singular thing while “these or those” are used for plural things.

Examples

(1). This is black. (2). That is heavy. (3). Can you see these?

2. There are 3 types of question ! what are they ?

Give the exemples for these 3 types !

There are three basic question types:

Yes/No: the answer is “yes or no”

Question-word: the answer is “information”

Choice: the answer is “in the question”

Yes/No questions

Sometimes the only answer that we need is yes or no. Look at these examples:

auxiliary verb	subject	not	main verb		answer: yes or no
Do	you		want	dinner?	Yes, I do.
Can	you		drive?		No, I can’t.
Has	she	not	finished	her work?	Yes, she has.
Did	they		go	home?	No, they didn’t.

Question-word questions

Sometimes we want more than yes or no for an answer. When asking for information, we usually place a question-word at the beginning of the sentence. The question-word indicates the information that we want, for example: where (place), when (time), why (reason), who (person). Look at these examples:

question word	auxiliary verb	not	subject	main verb		answer: information
Where	do		you	live?		In Paris.
When	will		we	have	lunch?	At 1pm.
Why	has	n’t	Tara	done	it?	Because she can’t.
Who(m)	did		she	meet?		She met Ram.
Who*	has			run	out?	Ati has run out.
Who**				ran	out?	Ati ran out.

Choice questions

Sometimes we give our listener a choice. We ask them to choose between two possible answers. So their answer is (usually) already in the question. Look at these examples:

question word	auxiliary verb	not	subject	main verb		answer: information
Where	do		you	live?		In Paris.
When	will		we	have	lunch?	At 1pm.
Why	has	n’t	Tara	done	it?	Because she can’t.
Who(m)	did		she	meet?		She met Ram.
Who*	has			run	out?	Ati has run out.
Who**				ran	out?	Ati ran out.

Tugas Bahasa Inggris 2

1. Mention the Kinds of Pronoun !

Make sentences for each kind !

Pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun, e.g. he, she, it, they, his, her, him its etc.

There five types of pronoun

Personal Pronoun

Personal pronoun   describes a particular person or thing or group.personal pronoun describes the person speaking (I, me, we, us), the person spoken to (you), or the person or thing spoken about (he, she, it, they, him, her, them). Examples :

He helps poor. The pronoun “he” in above sentence describes a person who helps poor.

(1). She is intelligent. (2) We love our country.  (3)The teacher appreciated them.

Possessive Pronoun

Possessive Pronoun indicates close possession or ownership or relationship of a thing/person to another thing/person. e.g. yours, mine, his,  hers, ours, theirs, hers.  Example : This book is mine. The pronoun “mine” describes the relationship between book and a person (me) who possesses this book or who is the owner of this book.

Examples :

(1) That car is hers. (2)Your book is old. Mine is new. (3)The pen on the table is mine.

Note: Possessive adjectives (my, her, your) may be confused with possessive pronouns. Possessive adjective modifies noun in terms of possession. Both possessive adjective and possessive show possession or ownership, but possessive adjective is used (with noun) to modify the noun while Possessive pronoun is used instead (in place of) a noun.

Examples

This is my book. (Possessive adjective: “my” modifies the noun “book”.

Reflixive Pronoun

Reflexive pronoun describes noun when subject’s action affects the subject itself. e.g himself, yourself, herself, ourselves, themselves, itself  are reflexive pronouns. Reflexive pronouns always act as objects not subjects, and they require an interaction between the subject and an object.

Examples.

(1) I looked at myself in the mirror. (2) You should think about yourself. (3)They prepared themselves for completion.

Note: Reflexive noun can also be used to give more emphasis on subject or object. If a reflexive pronoun is used to give more emphasis on a subject or an object, it is called “Intensive Pronoun”. Usage and function of intensive pronoun are different from that of reflexive pronoun.

Relative Pronoun

Relative Pronoun describes a noun which is mentioned before and more information is to be given about it Or Relative pronoun is a pronoun which joins relative clauses and relative sentences.

For example, It is the person, who helped her. In this sentence the word “who” is a relative pronoun which refers to the noun (the person) which is already mentioned in beginning of sentence (It is the person) and more information (he helped her) is given after using a relative pronoun (who) for the noun (the person).

Similarly, in above sentence the pronoun “who” joins two clauses which are “it is the person” and “who helped her”.

Examples. The most commonly used five relative pronouns are, who, whom, whose, which, that.

“Who” is for subject and “whom” is used for object. “who” and “whom” are used for people. “Whose” is used to show possession and can be used for both people and things. “Which” is used for things. “That” is used for people and things.

Examples.

(1). It is the girl who got first position in class. (2).  Adjective is a word that modifies noun. (3). The man whom I met yesterday is a nice person.

Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that points to a thing or things. e.g. this, that, these, those, none, neither, These pronouns point to thing or things in short distance/time or long distance/time. Short distance or time: This, these.  Long distance or time: That, those.

Demonstrative pronouns “this and that” are used for singular thing while “these or those” are used for plural things.

Examples

(1). This is black. (2). That is heavy. (3). Can you see these?

2. There are 3 types of question ! what are they ?

Give the exemples for these 3 types !

There are three basic question types:

Yes/No: the answer is “yes or no”

Question-word: the answer is “information”

Choice: the answer is “in the question”

Yes/No questions

Sometimes the only answer that we need is yes or no. Look at these examples:

auxiliary verb	subject	not	main verb		answer: yes or no
Do	you		want	dinner?	Yes, I do.
Can	you		drive?		No, I can’t.
Has	she	not	finished	her work?	Yes, she has.
Did	they		go	home?	No, they didn’t.

2. Question-word questions

Sometimes we want more than yes or no for an answer. When asking for information, we usually place a question-word at the beginning of the sentence. The question-word indicates the information that we want, for example: where (place), when (time), why (reason), who (person). Look at these examples:

question word	auxiliary verb	not	subject	main verb		answer: information
Where	do		you	live?		In Paris.
When	will		we	have	lunch?	At 1pm.
Why	has	n’t	Tara	done	it?	Because she can’t.
Who(m)	did		she	meet?		She met Ram.
Who*	has			run	out?	Ati has run out.
Who**				ran	out?	Ati ran out.

3.Choice questions

Sometimes we give our listener a choice. We ask them to choose between two possible answers. So their answer is (usually) already in the question. Look at these examples:

question word	auxiliary verb	not	subject	main verb		answer: information
Where	do		you	live?		In Paris.
When	will		we	have	lunch?	At 1pm.
Why	has	n’t	Tara	done	it?	Because she can’t.
Who(m)	did		she	meet?		She met Ram.
Who*	has			run	out?	Ati has run out.
Who**				ran	out?	Ati ran out.